SensorThings API - Quick Start

The SensorThings API was an experimental interface providing access to location metadata and provisional measurements from the last 10 days. After an evaluation period, we’ve decided that we won’t be promoting our SensorThings implementation to production status. The API will be formally sunset once replacement APIs are made available.

Get Started

USGS created JSON sample APIs as a way to quickly access and use USGS available data.

What’s New?

Plot my API results on a Map

This is a map making a live call showing the latest result for the observedProperty Discharge, cubic feet per second on the Missouri River. You can learn more about the hydrologic indexing in the Locations section.

<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.9.3/dist/leaflet.css" />
  <script src="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.9.3/dist/leaflet.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <div id="my_map" style="height: 600px"></div>
  <script>
    const map = L.map('my_map')
    L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png').addTo(map);
    map.setView([37.8, -96], 4);
    
    
    function onEachFeature(feature, layer) {
      const url = feature.properties['properties/monitoringLocationUrl'];
      const name = feature.properties['properties/monitoringLocationName'];
      const id = feature.properties.id;
      const type = feature.properties['properties/monitoringLocationType'];
      const result = feature.properties["Datastreams/0/Observations/0/result"];
      const ObservedProperty = feature.properties["Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/name"];
      const phenomenonTime = feature.properties["Datastreams/0/Observations/0/phenomenonTime"];
      const resultMask = feature.properties["Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/masks/0"];

      if (result) {
        displayResult = result;
      } else {
        displayResult = resultMask;
      }


      const popupText = `
                    Monitoring Location: <a href="${url}">${name} (${id})</a><br/>
                    Location type: ${type} </br>
                    Time: ${new Date(phenomenonTime).toLocaleTimeString("en-US", { timeZoneName: "short" })} ${new Date(phenomenonTime).toLocaleDateString()} <br/>
                    ${ObservedProperty}: ${displayResult}</br>
                    `;
      layer.bindPopup(popupText, {
        autoPan: false
      });
    }


    async function load_shapefile() {
      const gnisId = 	"756398"
      const observedProperty = "00060"
      let url = `https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things?$select=properties,@iot.id&$filter=Datastreams/ObservedProperty/@iot.id eq '${observedProperty}' and Locations/properties/mainstemNameAtOutletGNIS eq ${gnisId}&$expand=Locations($select=location,@iot.id,properties),Datastreams($select=name,unitOfMeasurement,@iot.id;$filter=ObservedProperty/@iot.id eq '${observedProperty}';$top=1;$expand=ObservedProperty($select=name,description,@iot.id),Observations($select=result,parameters,phenomenonTime,@iot.id;$orderby=phenomenonTime desc;$top=1))&$resultFormat=GeoJSON&$top=1000`;
      const response = await fetch(url)
      const shape_obj = await response.json();
      console.log(shape_obj);
      return shape_obj;
    }

    async function main() {
      const json = await load_shapefile();
      jsonLayer = L.geoJson(json, {
        onEachFeature: onEachFeature
    })
    jsonLayer.addTo(map);
    map.fitBounds(jsonLayer.getBounds())
    }

    main();
  </script>
</body>
</html>


https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things?$select=properties,@iot.id
	&$filter=Datastreams/ObservedProperty/@iot.id eq '00060' and Locations/properties/mainstemNameAtOutletGNIS eq 756398
	&$expand=Locations($select=location,@iot.id,properties),
		Datastreams($select=name,unitOfMeasurement,@iot.id;$filter=ObservedProperty/@iot.id eq '00060';$top=1;
		$expand=ObservedProperty($select=name,description,@iot.id),Observations($select=result,parameters,phenomenonTime,@iot.id;$orderby=phenomenonTime desc;$top=1))
	&$resultFormat=GeoJSON
	&$top=1000
 


{
  "type": "FeatureCollection",
  "features": [
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "properties/state": "Montana",
        "properties/active": true,
        "properties/agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "properties/county": "Beaverhead County",
        "properties/country": "US",
        "properties/district": "Montana",
        "properties/stateFIPS": "US:30",
        "properties/agencyCode": "USGS",
        "properties/countyFIPS": "US:30:001",
        "properties/countryFIPS": "US",
        "properties/districtCode": "30",
        "properties/altitudeDatum": "North American Vertical Datum of 1988",
        "properties/altitudeMethod": "Interpolated from Digital Elevation Model",
        "properties/hydrologicUnit": "100200010101",
        "properties/altitudeAccuracy": "20",
        "properties/monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/06006000",
        "properties/monitoringLocationName": "Red Rock Cr ab Lakes, nr Lakeview, MT",
        "properties/monitoringLocationType": "Stream",
        "properties/monitoringLocationNumber": "06006000",
        "properties/monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "6673",
        "id": "USGS-06006000",
        "Locations/0/id": "2d86326e-2d27-11ec-8be7-5f0c81fb5a80",
        "Locations/0/properties/type": "hydrolocation",
        "Locations/0/properties/comid": "4172734",
        "Locations/0/properties/measure": 27.08026,
        "Locations/0/properties/comidURL": "https://geoconnex.us/nhdplusv2/comid/4172734",
        "Locations/0/properties/reachcode": "10020001000536",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemURL": "https://geoconnex.us/ref/mainstems/312532",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutlet": "Missouri River",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutletGNIS": 756398,
        "Datastreams/0/name": "7f6427efc9f84cd9a63a2c0bce6a3b4a",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/name": "Cubic Feet per Second",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/symbol": "ft^3/s",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/definition": "",
        "Datastreams/0/id": "7f6427efc9f84cd9a63a2c0bce6a3b4a",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/name": "Discharge, cubic feet per second",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/description": "Physical",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/id": "00060",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/site": "USGS-06006000",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/masks/0": "SEASONAL",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T20:30:00.000Z",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/id": "7f6427efc9f84cd9a63a2c0bce6a3b4a1673641800"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -111.6256694,
          44.6157916
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "properties/state": "Montana",
        "properties/active": true,
        "properties/agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "properties/county": "Beaverhead County",
        "properties/country": "US",
        "properties/district": "Montana",
        "properties/stateFIPS": "US:30",
        "properties/agencyCode": "USGS",
        "properties/countyFIPS": "US:30:001",
        "properties/countryFIPS": "US",
        "properties/districtCode": "30",
        "properties/altitudeDatum": "National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929",
        "properties/altitudeMethod": "Interpolated from topographic map.",
        "properties/hydrologicUnit": "100200011401",
        "properties/altitudeAccuracy": "1",
        "properties/monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/06012500",
        "properties/monitoringLocationName": "Red Rock R bl Lima Reservoir nr Monida MT",
        "properties/monitoringLocationType": "Stream",
        "properties/monitoringLocationNumber": "06012500",
        "properties/monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "6530",
        "id": "USGS-06012500",
        "Locations/0/id": "2c3bdb3e-2d27-11ec-92ff-77658ad3c7ec",
        "Locations/0/properties/type": "hydrolocation",
        "Locations/0/properties/comid": "4169038",
        "Locations/0/properties/measure": 63.958894497,
        "Locations/0/properties/comidURL": "https://geoconnex.us/nhdplusv2/comid/4169038",
        "Locations/0/properties/reachcode": "10020001000416",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemURL": "https://geoconnex.us/ref/mainstems/312532",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutlet": "Missouri River",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutletGNIS": 756398,
        "Datastreams/0/name": "ae55519617214c339e8731bce9ecbc91",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/name": "Cubic Feet per Second",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/symbol": "ft^3/s",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/definition": "",
        "Datastreams/0/id": "ae55519617214c339e8731bce9ecbc91",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/name": "Discharge, cubic feet per second",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/description": "Physical",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/id": "00060",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/site": "USGS-06012500",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/masks/0": "SEASONAL",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/phenomenonTime": "2022-11-28T03:15:00.000Z",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/id": "ae55519617214c339e8731bce9ecbc911669605300"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -112.37122222222222,
          44.655880555555555
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "properties/state": "Montana",
        "properties/active": true,
        "properties/agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "properties/county": "Beaverhead County",
        "properties/country": "US",
        "properties/district": "Montana",
        "properties/stateFIPS": "US:30",
        "properties/agencyCode": "USGS",
        "properties/countyFIPS": "US:30:001",
        "properties/countryFIPS": "US",
        "properties/districtCode": "30",
        "properties/altitudeDatum": "National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929",
        "properties/altitudeMethod": "Level or other surveyed method.",
        "properties/hydrologicUnit": "100200020404",
        "properties/altitudeAccuracy": ".01",
        "properties/monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/06016000",
        "properties/monitoringLocationName": "Beaverhead River at Barretts MT",
        "properties/monitoringLocationType": "Stream",
        "properties/monitoringLocationNumber": "06016000",
        "properties/monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "5268.17",
        "id": "USGS-06016000",
        "Locations/0/id": "10f6f4fa-2d25-11ec-b8df-3323a4871720",
        "Locations/0/properties/type": "hydrolocation",
        "Locations/0/properties/comid": "4216412",
        "Locations/0/properties/measure": 58.0371918224,
        "Locations/0/properties/comidURL": "https://geoconnex.us/nhdplusv2/comid/4216412",
        "Locations/0/properties/reachcode": "10020002000060",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemURL": "https://geoconnex.us/ref/mainstems/312532",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutlet": "Missouri River",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutletGNIS": 756398,
        "Datastreams/0/name": "d29ed4a5770f48879e273e58b2f504ef",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/name": "Cubic Feet per Second",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/symbol": "ft^3/s",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/definition": "",
        "Datastreams/0/id": "d29ed4a5770f48879e273e58b2f504ef",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/name": "Discharge, cubic feet per second",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/description": "Physical",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/id": "00060",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/site": "USGS-06016000",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/masks/0": "SEASONAL",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T20:15:00.000Z",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/id": "d29ed4a5770f48879e273e58b2f504ef1673640900"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -112.7504944,
          45.1161277
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "properties/state": "Montana",
        "properties/active": true,
        "properties/agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "properties/county": "Beaverhead County",
        "properties/country": "US",
        "properties/district": "Montana",
        "properties/stateFIPS": "US:30",
        "properties/agencyCode": "USGS",
        "properties/countyFIPS": "US:30:001",
        "properties/countryFIPS": "US",
        "properties/districtCode": "30",
        "properties/altitudeDatum": "North American Vertical Datum of 1988",
        "properties/altitudeMethod": "Interpolated from topographic map.",
        "properties/hydrologicUnit": "100200020405",
        "properties/altitudeAccuracy": "1",
        "properties/monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/06017000",
        "properties/monitoringLocationName": "Beaverhead River at Dillon MT",
        "properties/monitoringLocationType": "Stream",
        "properties/monitoringLocationNumber": "06017000",
        "properties/monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "5100",
        "id": "USGS-06017000",
        "Locations/0/id": "1df9dd0c-2d25-11ec-92ff-738555fd1b01",
        "Locations/0/properties/type": "hydrolocation",
        "Locations/0/properties/comid": "4215456",
        "Locations/0/properties/measure": 65.2842720809,
        "Locations/0/properties/comidURL": "https://geoconnex.us/nhdplusv2/comid/4215456",
        "Locations/0/properties/reachcode": "10020002000021",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemURL": "https://geoconnex.us/ref/mainstems/312532",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutlet": "Missouri River",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutletGNIS": 756398,
        "Datastreams/0/name": "ffb7c11bf1c54cd187b681088912c7a2",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/name": "Cubic Feet per Second",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/symbol": "ft^3/s",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/definition": "",
        "Datastreams/0/id": "ffb7c11bf1c54cd187b681088912c7a2",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/name": "Discharge, cubic feet per second",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/description": "Physical",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/id": "00060",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/site": "USGS-06017000",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/masks/0": "SEASONAL",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T20:15:00.000Z",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/id": "ffb7c11bf1c54cd187b681088912c7a21673640900"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -112.6553333,
          45.2183833
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
        "properties/state": "Montana",
        "properties/active": true,
        "properties/agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "properties/county": "Madison County",
        "properties/country": "US",
        "properties/district": "Montana",
        "properties/stateFIPS": "US:30",
        "properties/agencyCode": "USGS",
        "properties/countyFIPS": "US:30:057",
        "properties/countryFIPS": "US",
        "properties/districtCode": "30",
        "properties/altitudeDatum": "National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929",
        "properties/altitudeMethod": "Level or other surveyed method.",
        "properties/hydrologicUnit": "100200020703",
        "properties/altitudeAccuracy": ".01",
        "properties/monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/06018500",
        "properties/monitoringLocationName": "Beaverhead River near Twin Bridges MT",
        "properties/monitoringLocationType": "Stream",
        "properties/monitoringLocationNumber": "06018500",
        "properties/monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "4809.15",
        "id": "USGS-06018500",
        "Locations/0/id": "61fcfb02-2d24-11ec-bee6-13de74ee4d13",
        "Locations/0/properties/type": "hydrolocation",
        "Locations/0/properties/comid": "4215022",
        "Locations/0/properties/measure": 26.5530377525,
        "Locations/0/properties/comidURL": "https://geoconnex.us/nhdplusv2/comid/4215022",
        "Locations/0/properties/reachcode": "10020002000006",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemURL": "https://geoconnex.us/ref/mainstems/312532",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutlet": "Missouri River",
        "Locations/0/properties/mainstemNameAtOutletGNIS": 756398,
        "Datastreams/0/name": "a7f0d9d67a724c4c9b31a260ea6b1884",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/name": "Cubic Feet per Second",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/symbol": "ft^3/s",
        "Datastreams/0/unitOfMeasurement/definition": "",
        "Datastreams/0/id": "a7f0d9d67a724c4c9b31a260ea6b1884",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/name": "Discharge, cubic feet per second",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/description": "Physical",
        "Datastreams/0/ObservedProperty/id": "00060",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/site": "USGS-06018500",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/parameters/masks/0": "ICE",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T20:15:00.000Z",
        "Datastreams/0/Observations/0/id": "a7f0d9d67a724c4c9b31a260ea6b18841673640900"
      },
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -112.4528306,
          45.3833888
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Ready to Use APIs

Location Specific APIs

Customize by changing the monitoring location in the request. Use the National Water Dashboard to zoom in and hover over a location. The USGS monitoring location displays in the pop-up box. Add a hyphen between USGS and the 8 digit number to include it in the API.

Open Source Deployed Instance

The USGS WDFN Team has deployed an instance of the FROST-Server , an open source implementation of the SensorThings standard that also has added a number of useful extensions, such as a geoJSON output. Finally, the USGS implementation of SensorThings has exciting new connections between the data and the hydrologic network that it is connected to.

Sample Responses

Everything

This request returns all the Things, with their current Locations and Datastreams, and for those Datastreams the ObservedProperty and the two most recent Observations in pages of 100.

{
  "@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things?$top=5&$skip=5&$select=properties,id&$expand=Locations%28%24select%3Dproperties%2Clocation%2Cid%29,Datastreams%28%24select%3Ddescription%2CunitOfMeasurement%2Cid%3B%24expand%3DObservedProperty%28%24select%3Dname%2Cdescription%2Cid%29%2CObservations%28%24top%3D2%3B%24select%3Dresult%2CphenomenonTime%2Cparameters%2Cid%3B%24orderby%3DphenomenonTime+desc%29%29",
  "value": [
    {
      "@iot.id": "USGS-340422107370801",
      "properties": {
        "state": "New Mexico",
        "active": true,
        "agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "county": "Socorro County",
        "country": "US",
        "district": "New Mexico",
        "stateFIPS": "US:35",
        "wellDepth": "285",
        "agencyCode": "USGS",
        "countyFIPS": "US:35:053",
        "countryFIPS": "US",
        "districtCode": "35",
        "localAquifer": "Datil Formation (Clastic Rocks of Volcanic Fragments)",
        "altitudeDatum": "North American Vertical Datum of 1988",
        "altitudeMethod": "Interpolated from Digital Elevation Model",
        "hydrologicUnit": "130202080209",
        "holeDepthSource": "A",
        "nationalAquifer": "Rio Grande aquifer system",
        "altitudeAccuracy": "4.3",
        "nationalAquiferCode": "S100RIOGRD",
        "monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/340422107370801",
        "monitoringLocationName": "03S.08W.01.413 VLA WELL 2",
        "monitoringLocationType": "Well",
        "monitoringLocationNumber": "340422107370801",
        "monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "6981"
      },
      "Locations": [
        {
          "@iot.id": "c88aafd6-2d1f-11ec-a798-3b0d4f0899e6",
          "location": {
            "type": "Point",
            "coordinates": [
              -107.61885,
              34.07285
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "Datastreams": [
        {
          "description": "Water level, depth LSD / USGS-340422107370801-40c9fdb920924c43b1afdc4f24ce54ea",
          "@iot.id": "40c9fdb920924c43b1afdc4f24ce54ea",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "Feet",
            "symbol": "ft",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "72019",
            "name": "Depth to water level, feet below land surface"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('40c9fdb920924c43b1afdc4f24ce54ea')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "40c9fdb920924c43b1afdc4f24ce54ea1670436000",
              "phenomenonTime": "2022-12-07T18:00:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-340422107370801"
              },
              "result": "179.51"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "40c9fdb920924c43b1afdc4f24ce54ea1670432400",
              "phenomenonTime": "2022-12-07T17:00:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-340422107370801"
              },
              "result": "179.50"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@iot.id": "USGS-08077658",
      "properties": {
        "state": "Texas",
        "active": true,
        "agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "county": "Galveston County",
        "country": "US",
        "district": "Texas",
        "stateFIPS": "US:48",
        "agencyCode": "USGS",
        "countyFIPS": "US:48:167",
        "countryFIPS": "US",
        "districtCode": "48",
        "altitudeDatum": "National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929",
        "altitudeMethod": "Interpolated from topographic map.",
        "hydrologicUnit": "120402040200",
        "altitudeAccuracy": "2",
        "monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/08077658",
        "monitoringLocationName": "TX City Pump Sta at Texas City, TX",
        "monitoringLocationType": "Estuary",
        "monitoringLocationNumber": "08077658",
        "monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "0"
      },
      "Locations": [
        {
          "@iot.id": "bc29b27e-2db9-11ec-b545-1f9a4860d2bc",
          "location": {
            "type": "Point",
            "coordinates": [
              -94.9249228,
              29.3574568
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "Datastreams": [
        {
          "description": "Stream water level elevation above NGVD 1929, in feet / USGS-08077658-6460ad539ccf49328ac5d491305069a8",
          "@iot.id": "6460ad539ccf49328ac5d491305069a8",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "Feet",
            "symbol": "ft",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "63158",
            "name": "Stream water level elevation above NGVD 1929, in feet"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('6460ad539ccf49328ac5d491305069a8')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "6460ad539ccf49328ac5d491305069a81673636400",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-08077658"
              },
              "result": "-4.35"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "6460ad539ccf49328ac5d491305069a81673635500",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T18:45:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-08077658"
              },
              "result": "-4.36"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "description": "Precipitation, total, inches / USGS-08077658-5547956e76a044deb5cd6e6aa8bdfa60",
          "@iot.id": "5547956e76a044deb5cd6e6aa8bdfa60",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "in",
            "symbol": "in",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "00045",
            "name": "Precipitation, total, inches"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('5547956e76a044deb5cd6e6aa8bdfa60')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "5547956e76a044deb5cd6e6aa8bdfa601673636400",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-08077658"
              },
              "result": "0.00"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "5547956e76a044deb5cd6e6aa8bdfa601673635500",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T18:45:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-08077658"
              },
              "result": "0.00"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@iot.id": "USGS-02231175",
      "properties": {
        "state": "Georgia",
        "active": true,
        "agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "county": "Charlton County",
        "country": "US",
        "district": "Georgia",
        "stateFIPS": "US:13",
        "agencyCode": "USGS",
        "countyFIPS": "US:13:049",
        "countryFIPS": "US",
        "districtCode": "13",
        "altitudeDatum": "North American Vertical Datum of 1988",
        "altitudeMethod": "Interpolated from topographic map.",
        "hydrologicUnit": "030702040803",
        "altitudeAccuracy": ".1",
        "monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/02231175",
        "monitoringLocationName": "ST MARYS RIVER AT FERRY LANDING NEAR FOLKSTON, GA",
        "monitoringLocationType": "Stream",
        "monitoringLocationNumber": "02231175",
        "monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "0.0"
      },
      "Locations": [
        {
          "@iot.id": "69fa7654-2d24-11ec-a85b-076dd8f78432",
          "location": {
            "type": "Point",
            "coordinates": [
              -82.0241667,
              30.7830555
            ]
          },
          "properties": {
            "type": "hydrolocation",
            "comid": "18258575",
            "measure": 45.8919,
            "comidURL": "https://geoconnex.us/nhdplusv2/comid/18258575",
            "reachcode": "03070204000034",
            "mainstemURL": "https://geoconnex.us/ref/mainstems/2499974",
            "mainstemNameAtOutlet": "Saint Marys River",
            "mainstemNameAtOutletGNIS": 306327
          }
        }
      ],
      "Datastreams": [
        {
          "description": "None / USGS-02231175-4644daa592dc41699dbdaeb25ad4c719",
          "@iot.id": "4644daa592dc41699dbdaeb25ad4c719",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "in",
            "symbol": "in",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "00045",
            "name": "Precipitation, total, inches"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('4644daa592dc41699dbdaeb25ad4c719')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "4644daa592dc41699dbdaeb25ad4c7191673637300",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T19:15:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02231175"
              },
              "result": "0.00"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "4644daa592dc41699dbdaeb25ad4c7191673636400",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02231175"
              },
              "result": "0.00"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "description": "Gage height / USGS-02231175-bf66eeb702db4dcc86cb6a389b734fbe",
          "@iot.id": "bf66eeb702db4dcc86cb6a389b734fbe",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "Feet",
            "symbol": "ft",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "00065",
            "name": "Gage height, feet"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('bf66eeb702db4dcc86cb6a389b734fbe')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "bf66eeb702db4dcc86cb6a389b734fbe1673637300",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T19:15:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02231175"
              },
              "result": "0.45"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "bf66eeb702db4dcc86cb6a389b734fbe1673636400",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02231175"
              },
              "result": "0.35"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "description": "Discharge / USGS-02231175-26615d5c7c29496fa9552be353a138a5",
          "@iot.id": "26615d5c7c29496fa9552be353a138a5",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "Cubic Feet per Second",
            "symbol": "ft^3/s",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "00060",
            "name": "Discharge, cubic feet per second"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('26615d5c7c29496fa9552be353a138a5')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "26615d5c7c29496fa9552be353a138a51663174800",
              "phenomenonTime": "2022-09-14T17:00:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02231175",
                "masks": [
                  "UNAVAIL"
                ]
              },
              "result": null
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "26615d5c7c29496fa9552be353a138a51663173900",
              "phenomenonTime": "2022-09-14T16:45:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02231175",
                "masks": [
                  "UNAVAIL"
                ]
              },
              "result": null
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@iot.id": "USGS-08109310",
      "properties": {
        "state": "Texas",
        "active": true,
        "agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "county": "Brazos County",
        "country": "US",
        "district": "Texas",
        "stateFIPS": "US:48",
        "agencyCode": "USGS",
        "countyFIPS": "US:48:041",
        "countryFIPS": "US",
        "districtCode": "48",
        "altitudeDatum": "North American Vertical Datum of 1988",
        "altitudeMethod": "Interpolated from Digital Elevation Model",
        "hydrologicUnit": "120701010702",
        "altitudeAccuracy": "1.6",
        "monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/08109310",
        "monitoringLocationName": "Thompson Ck at TX 47 nr Bryan, TX",
        "monitoringLocationType": "Stream",
        "monitoringLocationNumber": "08109310",
        "monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "230"
      },
      "Locations": [
        {
          "@iot.id": "522592ba-2d1b-11ec-a1a0-07d3cfde4a45",
          "location": {
            "type": "Point",
            "coordinates": [
              -96.45246111111112,
              30.63758888888889
            ]
          },
          "properties": {
            "type": "hydrolocation",
            "comid": "5557854",
            "measure": 68.85,
            "comidURL": "https://geoconnex.us/nhdplusv2/comid/5557854",
            "reachcode": "12070101000327",
            "mainstemURL": "https://geoconnex.us/ref/mainstems/2627691",
            "mainstemNameAtOutlet": "Thompsons Creek",
            "mainstemNameAtOutletGNIS": 1369860
          }
        }
      ],
      "Datastreams": [
        {
          "description": "Gage height / USGS-08109310-b37c980c9b2c4cf1b57c322fa5dc9425",
          "@iot.id": "b37c980c9b2c4cf1b57c322fa5dc9425",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "Feet",
            "symbol": "ft",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "00065",
            "name": "Gage height, feet"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('b37c980c9b2c4cf1b57c322fa5dc9425')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "b37c980c9b2c4cf1b57c322fa5dc94251673637300",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T19:15:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-08109310"
              },
              "result": "219.49"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "b37c980c9b2c4cf1b57c322fa5dc94251673637000",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T19:10:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-08109310"
              },
              "result": "219.52"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "description": "Sensor velocity / USGS-08109310-add6b4b85a074bc8bcc4cdd4e1e60ccd",
          "@iot.id": "add6b4b85a074bc8bcc4cdd4e1e60ccd",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "Feet per Second",
            "symbol": "ft/s",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Sensor velocity",
            "@iot.id": "72254",
            "name": "Sensor velocity"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('add6b4b85a074bc8bcc4cdd4e1e60ccd')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "c2ab2246-0f1c-11ed-a7d4-73597772def0",
              "phenomenonTime": "2022-07-29T06:10:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-08109310"
              },
              "result": "1.10"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "c2a4fec0-0f1c-11ed-a7d4-df5ba9925612",
              "phenomenonTime": "2022-07-29T06:05:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-08109310"
              },
              "result": "1.10"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@iot.id": "USGS-02252500",
      "properties": {
        "state": "Florida",
        "active": true,
        "agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
        "county": "Indian River County",
        "country": "US",
        "district": "Florida",
        "stateFIPS": "US:12",
        "agencyCode": "USGS",
        "countyFIPS": "US:12:061",
        "countryFIPS": "US",
        "districtCode": "125",
        "hydrologicUnit": "030802030303",
        "monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/02252500",
        "monitoringLocationName": "NORTH CANAL NEAR VERO BEACH, FL",
        "monitoringLocationType": "Stream",
        "monitoringLocationNumber": "02252500"
      },
      "Locations": [
        {
          "@iot.id": "54fefa94-2d1b-11ec-8be7-1741c196a820",
          "location": {
            "type": "Point",
            "coordinates": [
              -80.42008780406114,
              27.69308777741598
            ]
          },
          "properties": {
            "type": "hydrolocation",
            "comid": "20119028",
            "measure": 15.12361,
            "comidURL": "https://geoconnex.us/nhdplusv2/comid/20119028",
            "reachcode": "03080203002282"
          }
        }
      ],
      "Datastreams": [
        {
          "description": "Discharge / USGS-02252500-63f2ffee1f1a488e829dd4fc6390fe95",
          "@iot.id": "63f2ffee1f1a488e829dd4fc6390fe95",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "Cubic Feet per Second",
            "symbol": "ft^3/s",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "00060",
            "name": "Discharge, cubic feet per second"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('63f2ffee1f1a488e829dd4fc6390fe95')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "63f2ffee1f1a488e829dd4fc6390fe951673635500",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T18:45:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02252500"
              },
              "result": "16.9"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "63f2ffee1f1a488e829dd4fc6390fe951673634600",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T18:30:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02252500"
              },
              "result": "16.4"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "description": "Gage height / USGS-02252500-d011fdfceb28411eb0cc119e1851d993",
          "@iot.id": "d011fdfceb28411eb0cc119e1851d993",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "Feet",
            "symbol": "ft",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "00065",
            "name": "Gage height, feet"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('d011fdfceb28411eb0cc119e1851d993')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "d011fdfceb28411eb0cc119e1851d9931673635500",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T18:45:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02252500"
              },
              "result": "2.75"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "d011fdfceb28411eb0cc119e1851d9931673634600",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T18:30:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02252500"
              },
              "result": "2.74"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "description": "Stream water level elevation above NAVD 1988, in feet / USGS-02252500-e782285369e641b6b852e9ae41119e62",
          "@iot.id": "e782285369e641b6b852e9ae41119e62",
          "unitOfMeasurement": {
            "name": "Feet",
            "symbol": "ft",
            "definition": ""
          },
          "ObservedProperty": {
            "description": "Physical",
            "@iot.id": "63160",
            "name": "Stream water level elevation above NAVD 1988, in feet"
          },
          "Observations@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('e782285369e641b6b852e9ae41119e62')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$select=result,phenomenonTime,parameters,id&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
          "Observations": [
            {
              "@iot.id": "e782285369e641b6b852e9ae41119e621673635500",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T18:45:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02252500"
              },
              "result": "1.27"
            },
            {
              "@iot.id": "e782285369e641b6b852e9ae41119e621673634600",
              "phenomenonTime": "2023-01-13T18:30:00.000Z",
              "parameters": {
                "site": "USGS-02252500"
              },
              "result": "1.26"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

All Things

A Thing is a USGS monitoring location on a stream, in a well, on or in a lake, etc. There is extensive metadata about the location, such as County, State and Hydrologic Unit. Each Thing is identified using the two pieces of metadata that identify a USGS monitoring location- the Agency Code and Site Number, concatenated with a hyphen. This request returns all Things and related location information.

{
  "description": "Stream",
  "@iot.id": "USGS-09380000",
  "name": "USGS-09380000",
  "properties": {
    "state": "Arizona",
    "active": true,
    "agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
    "county": "Coconino County",
    "country": "US",
    "district": "Arizona",

  },
  "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')",
  "Locations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/Locations",
  "MultiDatastreams@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/MultiDatastreams",
  "HistoricalLocations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/HistoricalLocations",
  "TaskingCapabilities@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/TaskingCapabilities",
  "Datastreams@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/Datastreams"
}

Observed Properties for a Datastream

ObservedProperties are what data is actually being collected in each one of the Datastreams. At this time, the ObservedProperties are tied to the long-standing USGS Parameter Codes even though that technically means that there are redundant ObservedProperties if, for example, units are different. Since ObservedProperties are identified with parameter code, the URL for Discharge is https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/ObservedProperties(‘00060’) . This request returns ObservedProperties for a Datastream.

{
  "description": "Physical",
  "definition": "",
  "@iot.id": "00060",
  "name": "Discharge, cubic feet per second",
  "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/ObservedProperties('00060')",
  "Datastreams@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/ObservedProperties('00060')/Datastreams",
  "MultiDatastreams@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/ObservedProperties('00060')/MultiDatastreams"
}

Two Most Recent Observations for a Datastream

This request returns Observations which are the actual data that is collected for a given Datastream (e.g. that the discharge value at 2022-03-15T11:45:00.000Z was 345 Cubic Feet per Second.) Result-level metadata is included for each observation. Approval is included in the resultQuality and qualifiers, such as if a result is excluded due to ice or equipment failure, are included under parameters ( there may be multiple qualifiers). SensorThings operates exclusively in UTC time. The two most recent discharge values for Colorado River at Lees Ferry are available https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4')/Observations?$orderby=phenomenonTime desc&$top=2

{
  "@iot.nextLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4')/Observations?$top=2&$skip=2&$orderby=phenomenonTime+desc",
  "value": [
    {
      "@iot.id": "a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676491200",
      "phenomenonTime": "2023-02-15T20:00:00.000Z",
      "parameters": {
        "site": "USGS-09380000"
      },
      "result": "9390",
      "resultTime": null,
      "resultQuality": [
        {
          "DQ_Result": {
            "label": "Working"
          },
          "nameOfMeasure": "DQ_Status"
        }
      ],
      "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Observations('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676491200')",
      "Datastream@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Observations('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676491200')/Datastream",
      "FeatureOfInterest@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Observations('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676491200')/FeatureOfInterest",
      "MultiDatastream@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Observations('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676491200')/MultiDatastream"
    },
    {
      "@iot.id": "a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676490300",
      "phenomenonTime": "2023-02-15T19:45:00.000Z",
      "parameters": {
        "site": "USGS-09380000"
      },
      "result": "9500",
      "resultTime": null,
      "resultQuality": [
        {
          "DQ_Result": {
            "label": "Working"
          },
          "nameOfMeasure": "DQ_Status"
        }
      ],
      "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Observations('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676490300')",
      "Datastream@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Observations('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676490300')/Datastream",
      "FeatureOfInterest@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Observations('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676490300')/FeatureOfInterest",
      "MultiDatastream@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Observations('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b41676490300')/MultiDatastream"
    }
  ]
}

One Thing with Location Information

Each on of the Things is linked to a single one of the many Locations. At this time, there is a 1:1 relationship between Things and Locations. This request provides a Thing at the Colorado River at Lees Ferry with its related location information. The Colorado River at Lees Ferry identifer is USGS-09380000.

{
  "description": "Stream",
  "@iot.id": "USGS-09380000",
  "name": "USGS-09380000",
  "properties": {
    "state": "Arizona",
    "active": true,
    "agency": "U.S. Geological Survey",
    "county": "Coconino County",
    "country": "US",
    "district": "Arizona",
    "stateFIPS": "US:04",
    "agencyCode": "USGS",
    "countyFIPS": "US:04:005",
    "countryFIPS": "US",
    "districtCode": "04",
    "altitudeDatum": "North American Vertical Datum of 1988",
    "altitudeMethod": "Interpolated from Digital Elevation Model",
    "hydrologicUnit": "140700061105",
    "altitudeAccuracy": "4.3",
    "monitoringLocationUrl": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/monitoring-location/09380000",
    "monitoringLocationName": "COLORADO RIVER AT LEES FERRY, AZ",
    "monitoringLocationType": "Stream",
    "monitoringLocationNumber": "09380000",
    "monitoringLocationAltitudeLandSurface": "3083"
  },
  "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')",
  "Locations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/Locations",
  "MultiDatastreams@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/MultiDatastreams",
  "HistoricalLocations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/HistoricalLocations",
  "TaskingCapabilities@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/TaskingCapabilities",
  "Datastreams@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/Datastreams"
}

All Data Streams at One Location

Each one of the Things is tied to one or more Datastreams. Datastreams are unique time series of hydrologic data such as discharge, gage height, temperature, well depth, etc, includes key information like units (in the unitOfMeasurement tag) and which one of the observedProperties is being measured. Each one of the Datastreams is identified by a unique identifier. There is also additional metadata available in certain Datastreams, such as operational limits. You can see all the Datastreams for Colorado River at Lees Ferry at https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Things('USGS-09380000')/Datastreams . This request returns data streams associated with a specific location.

{
  "value": [
    {
      "description": "Specific cond at 25C / USGS-09380000-9d24cf50257a4f60b76b92e38f286cde",
      "@iot.id": "9d24cf50257a4f60b76b92e38f286cde",
      "name": "9d24cf50257a4f60b76b92e38f286cde",
      "observationType": "Instantaneous",
      "observedArea": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -111.5878722,
          36.8643333
        ]
      },
      "phenomenonTime": "2021-07-12T18:45:00.000Z/2023-02-10T17:00:00.000Z",
      "properties": {
        "Thresholds": [
          {
            "Name": "HIGH SC THRESHOLD",
            "Type": "ThresholdAbove",
            "Periods": [
              {
                "EndTime": "9999-12-31T23:59:59.9999999+00:00",
                "StartTime": "2018-01-10T01:00:00.0000000-07:00",
                "SuppressData": true,
                "ReferenceValue": 1200
              }
            ],
            "ReferenceCode": "Operational limit - high-Public"
          },
          {
            "Name": "LOW SC THRESHOLD",
            "Type": "ThresholdBelow",
            "Periods": [
              {
                "EndTime": "9999-12-31T23:59:59.9999999+00:00",
                "StartTime": "2018-01-10T01:00:00.0000000-07:00",
                "SuppressData": true,
                "ReferenceValue": 400
              }
            ],
            "ReferenceCode": "Operational limit - low-Public"
          }
        ],
        "ParameterCode": "00095",
        "StatisticCode": "00011"
      },
      "resultTime": null,
      "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('9d24cf50257a4f60b76b92e38f286cde')",
      "unitOfMeasurement": {
        "name": "uS/cm",
        "symbol": "uS/cm",
        "definition": ""
      },
      "Observations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('9d24cf50257a4f60b76b92e38f286cde')/Observations",
      "Sensor@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('9d24cf50257a4f60b76b92e38f286cde')/Sensor",
      "ObservedProperty@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('9d24cf50257a4f60b76b92e38f286cde')/ObservedProperty",
      "Thing@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('9d24cf50257a4f60b76b92e38f286cde')/Thing"
    },
    {
      "description": "None / USGS-09380000-0a10dcb7436f4af8a679a783ae3d8d58",
      "@iot.id": "0a10dcb7436f4af8a679a783ae3d8d58",
      "name": "0a10dcb7436f4af8a679a783ae3d8d58",
      "observationType": "Instantaneous",
      "observedArea": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -111.5878722,
          36.8643333
        ]
      },
      "phenomenonTime": "2022-07-08T20:30:00.000Z/2022-07-20T19:00:00.000Z",
      "properties": {
        "ParameterCode": "00095",
        "StatisticCode": "00011",
        "WebDescription": "Starts 7/8/22"
      },
      "resultTime": null,
      "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('0a10dcb7436f4af8a679a783ae3d8d58')",
      "unitOfMeasurement": {
        "name": "uS/cm",
        "symbol": "uS/cm",
        "definition": ""
      },
      "Observations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('0a10dcb7436f4af8a679a783ae3d8d58')/Observations",
      "Sensor@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('0a10dcb7436f4af8a679a783ae3d8d58')/Sensor",
      "ObservedProperty@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('0a10dcb7436f4af8a679a783ae3d8d58')/ObservedProperty",
      "Thing@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('0a10dcb7436f4af8a679a783ae3d8d58')/Thing"
    },
    {
      "description": "Discharge / USGS-09380000-a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4",
      "@iot.id": "a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4",
      "name": "a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4",
      "observationType": "Instantaneous",
      "observedArea": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -111.5878722,
          36.8643333
        ]
      },
      "phenomenonTime": "2021-09-16T11:00:00.000Z/2023-02-10T17:00:00.000Z",
      "properties": {
        "ParameterCode": "00060",
        "StatisticCode": "00011"
      },
      "resultTime": null,
      "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4')",
      "unitOfMeasurement": {
        "name": "Cubic Feet per Second",
        "symbol": "ft^3/s",
        "definition": ""
      },
      "Observations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4')/Observations",
      "Sensor@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4')/Sensor",
      "ObservedProperty@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4')/ObservedProperty",
      "Thing@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('a62122d8ff094125b63bb2f73410b2b4')/Thing"
    },
    {
      "description": "Temperature, water / USGS-09380000-b3c374548a8d4553868046dd9fda2582",
      "@iot.id": "b3c374548a8d4553868046dd9fda2582",
      "name": "b3c374548a8d4553868046dd9fda2582",
      "observationType": "Instantaneous",
      "observedArea": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -111.5878722,
          36.8643333
        ]
      },
      "phenomenonTime": "2021-07-12T20:30:00.000Z/2023-02-10T16:00:00.000Z",
      "properties": {
        "ParameterCode": "00010",
        "StatisticCode": "00011"
      },
      "resultTime": null,
      "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('b3c374548a8d4553868046dd9fda2582')",
      "unitOfMeasurement": {
        "name": "Degrees Centigrade",
        "symbol": "degC",
        "definition": ""
      },
      "Observations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('b3c374548a8d4553868046dd9fda2582')/Observations",
      "Sensor@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('b3c374548a8d4553868046dd9fda2582')/Sensor",
      "ObservedProperty@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('b3c374548a8d4553868046dd9fda2582')/ObservedProperty",
      "Thing@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('b3c374548a8d4553868046dd9fda2582')/Thing"
    },
    {
      "description": "None / USGS-09380000-e1c4b44914ed43819cf8e2e2138e9064",
      "@iot.id": "e1c4b44914ed43819cf8e2e2138e9064",
      "name": "e1c4b44914ed43819cf8e2e2138e9064",
      "observationType": "Instantaneous",
      "observedArea": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -111.5878722,
          36.8643333
        ]
      },
      "phenomenonTime": "2022-01-10T01:30:00.000Z/2023-02-10T17:00:00.000Z",
      "properties": {
        "ParameterCode": "00045"
      },
      "resultTime": null,
      "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('e1c4b44914ed43819cf8e2e2138e9064')",
      "unitOfMeasurement": {
        "name": "in",
        "symbol": "in",
        "definition": ""
      },
      "Observations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('e1c4b44914ed43819cf8e2e2138e9064')/Observations",
      "Sensor@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('e1c4b44914ed43819cf8e2e2138e9064')/Sensor",
      "ObservedProperty@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('e1c4b44914ed43819cf8e2e2138e9064')/ObservedProperty",
      "Thing@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('e1c4b44914ed43819cf8e2e2138e9064')/Thing"
    },
    {
      "description": "None / USGS-09380000-c1d72c8390d144f78b51568a3755a5ad",
      "@iot.id": "c1d72c8390d144f78b51568a3755a5ad",
      "name": "c1d72c8390d144f78b51568a3755a5ad",
      "observationType": "Instantaneous",
      "observedArea": {
        "type": "Point",
        "coordinates": [
          -111.5878722,
          36.8643333
        ]
      },
      "phenomenonTime": "2022-07-08T18:30:00.000Z/2023-02-10T17:00:00.000Z",
      "properties": {
        "ParameterCode": "00065",
        "StatisticCode": "00011",
        "WebDescription": "PRIMARY STAGE"
      },
      "resultTime": null,
      "@iot.selfLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('c1d72c8390d144f78b51568a3755a5ad')",
      "unitOfMeasurement": {
        "name": "Feet",
        "symbol": "ft",
        "definition": ""
      },
      "Observations@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('c1d72c8390d144f78b51568a3755a5ad')/Observations",
      "Sensor@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('c1d72c8390d144f78b51568a3755a5ad')/Sensor",
      "ObservedProperty@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('c1d72c8390d144f78b51568a3755a5ad')/ObservedProperty",
      "Thing@iot.navigationLink": "https://labs.waterdata.usgs.gov/sta/v1.1/Datastreams('c1d72c8390d144f78b51568a3755a5ad')/Thing"
    }
  ]
}

Data Model

The USGS implementation of SensorThings uses a subset of the overall Sensorthings data model including:

  • Locations
  • Things
  • Datastreams
  • ObservedProperties
  • Observations
a representation of the USGS sensorthings implementation. There is a box labeled 'Thing' in the upper right hand corener, with a cartoon image of a USGS gage. The Thing box is connected to a box labeled `location` that has an image of a map, and to a box labed datastream, which has a sscreenshot of different datastreams available at a certain location. The blox labeled 'datastream' is connected to two other boxes, one labeled 'ObservedProperties', with an image showing different observed properties, such as flow and temperature, and the other box connected to 'datastream' is labeled 'observations' and shows a graph of observeration values over time

A representation of the USGS implementation of SensorThings at this time. Each Monitoring Location is a Thing, which is at a location. There can be multiple datastreams of data collected at each Thing, and each datastream is tied to a single observed property and multiple observations.

API Development Standards

USGS has incorporated the following standards into the SensorThings APIs:

Additional Resources